WordPress的安装部署

摘要

下列操作在CentOS7.2中完成, wordpress版本是4.7。

准备WordPress

从requirements中可以看到，4.7版本的wordpress建议：

PHP version 7 or greater
MySQL version 5.6 or greater OR MariaDB version 10.0 or greater
HTTPS support

准备CentOS系统

首先升级一下系统：

yum upgrade

通过 yum 安装php

前面试图使用自行编译的php7，make test未通过。使用yum 安装 php5，CentOS7 默认用的还是 php5：

yum install -y php-fpm php-mysql  （这种方式安装的是 php5）

建议安装 ius：

yum install \
https://repo.ius.io/ius-release-el7.rpm \
https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

安装 ius 中的 php7.4：

yum install -y php74-cli php74-fpm php74-mysqlnd php74-json php74-gd

安装完成后，本地 php 命令：：

php --version
PHP 7.4.9 (cli) (built: Aug  7 2020 13:39:18) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

在/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf中修改php-fpm的运行时使用身份:

; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd
user = nginx
; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
group = nginx

nginx、php-fpm都使用nginx身份, wordpress目录的拥有者也设置为nginx, 这样在wordpress中安装插件的时候就不需要通过ftp了。

启动 php-fpm:

systemctl start php-fpm

检查 php-fpm 进程：

$ ps aux|grep php-fpm
root     20627  0.0  0.8 253268  8632 ?        Ss   16:45   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx    20628  0.0  0.4 255352  4220 ?        S    16:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx    20629  0.0  0.4 255352  4220 ?        S    16:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx    20630  0.0  0.4 255352  4220 ?        S    16:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx    20631  0.0  0.4 255352  4220 ?        S    16:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx    20632  0.0  0.4 255352  4224 ?        S    16:45   0:00 php-fpm: pool www

安装nginx

nginx直接使用yum源中的版本

yum install -y nginx

在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf配置

server {
    listen       80 default_server;
    listen       [::]:80 default_server;
    server_name  _;
    index        index.php;
    root         /www/wordpress;  #wordpress的文件目录       

    # Load configuration files for the default server block.
    include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

    location / {
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
            fastcgi_index   index.php;
            fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
            include         fastcgi_params;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /40x.html {
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
    }
}

启动nginx

systemctl start nginx

查看nginx日志:

ls /var/log/nginx

测试php

在/www/wordpress(nginx中配置的根目录)中创建文件index.php，输入:

<?php phpinfo() ?>

访问服务器地址后，应当看到php信息

安装mariadb

CentOS7的maraidb版本是5.5.52, 需要添加10版本的yum源: mariadb 10 rpm

创建文件/etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo, 并输入下面的内容:

# MariaDB 10.1 CentOS repository list - created 2017-01-14 09:27 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.1/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

安装:

yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client

启动:

systemctl start mariadb

创建数据库

Installing_wordpress

$ mysql -u root
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5340 to server version: 3.23.54
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
 
mysql> CREATE DATABASE databasename;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON databasename.* TO "wordpressusername"@"hostname"
    -> IDENTIFIED BY "password";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> EXIT
Bye
$ 

如果无法远程登陆，尝试：

update user set plugin='mysql_native_password' where User='USERNAME';
flush privileges;

安装WordPress

下载wordpress源码，解压到nginx.conf中配置的目录中, 并将所属用户修改nginx。

wordpress download

配置：

cp wp-config-sample.php  wp-config.php

在wp-config.php中配置数据库用户名和密码：

// ** MySQL settings - You can get this info from your web host ** //
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define('DB_NAME', 'database_name_here');

/** MySQL database username */
define('DB_USER', 'username_here');

/** MySQL database password */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'password_here');

访问网址 https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/ ，将得到的salt添加到wp-config.php中。

打开网址”http://服务器地址或域名/wp-admin/install.php”，按照提示完成安装。

安装WordPress插件

多语言支持:

Polylang

广告管理：

AdRotate

设置开机自启动

systemctl enable php-fpm mariadb nginx

配置https

制作自签署证书, 在/etc/pki/nginx中执行下列操作：

openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

然后在/etc/nginx.conf中增加配置：

server {
    listen       443 ssl http2 default_server;
    listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
    server_name  _;
    root         /www/wordpress;   #wordpress文件目录
    index        index.php;

    ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
    ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/server.key";
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
    ssl_session_timeout  10m;
    ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    # Load configuration files for the default server block.
    include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

    location / {
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
            fastcgi_index   index.php;
            fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
            include         fastcgi_params;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /40x.html {
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
    }
}

重启nginx后，通过https://访问

编译安装PHP7(未通过)

在 make test的时候，测试用例未通过！暂停使用这种方法

centos7.2的yum源中的php版本为5.4。我们不使用yum源，而是自己编译安装php7

安装编译工具：

yum install -y gcc make autoconf
yum install -y libxml2-devel openssl-devel libcurl-devel libpng-devel libxslt-devel
yum install -y libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel pcre-devel

准备php7的安装目录:

mkdir /user/local/php7
ln -s /user/local/php7 /user/local/php

下载php7源码：php download

解压：

tar -xvf php-7.1.0.tar.xz

进入解压得到的目录php-7.1.0中:

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
 --with-curl \
 --with-freetype-dir \
 --with-gd \
 --with-gettext \
 --with-iconv-dir \
 --with-kerberos \
 --with-libdir=lib64 \
 --with-libxml-dir \
 --with-mysqli \
 --with-openssl \
 --with-pcre-regex \
 --with-pdo-mysql \
 --with-pdo-sqlite \
 --with-pear \
 --with-png-dir \
 --with-xmlrpc \
 --with-xsl \
 --with-zlib \
 --enable-fpm \
 --enable-bcmath \
 --enable-libxml \
 --enable-inline-optimization \
 --enable-gd-native-ttf \
 --enable-mbregex \
 --enable-mbstring \
 --enable-opcache \
 --enable-pcntl \
 --enable-shmop \
 --enable-soap \
 --enable-sockets \
 --enable-sysvsem \
 --enable-xml \
 --enable-zip

编译安装:

make && make install

复制配置文件:

cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
cp -R ./sapi/fpm/php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
touch /etc/sysconfig/php-fpm

添加php-fmp服务, 新建文件/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service, 并输入下面的内容:

[Unit]
Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/php-fpm
ExecStart=/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

php-fpm监听本地的9000端口:

[root@VM_14_216_centos php-7.1.0]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address     Foreign Address    State    PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111       0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN   1/systemd           
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22        0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN   13601/sshd          
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000    0.0.0.0:*          LISTEN   30327/php-fpm: mast 
tcp6       0      0 :::111            :::*               LISTEN   11997/rpcbind       
tcp6       0      0 :::22             :::*               LISTEN   13601/sshd  

查看log:

cat /usr/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.log

编译安装php7扩展(未通过)