Web开发平台OpenResty(三): 火焰图性能分析

Tags: openresty 

目录

说明

这是Web开发平台OpenResty系列文章中的一篇。

以下操作在CentOS7上进行,火焰图分析法非常直观好用,可以用多种方式生成,也可以用于各种场景。

下面是用火焰图分析OpenResty应用性能瓶颈的方法,用systemtap采集信息。

安装SystemTAP

SystemTAP可以收集运行中的Linux系统的所有信息。

安装SystemTAP:

yum install -y systemtap systemtap-runtime

安装SystemTAP依赖的内核模块:

stap-prep

stap-prep命令会尝试安装kernel的debuginfo,但debuginfo在单独repo中,默认没有enable,通常会安装失败。

先确定文件/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo存在:

$ cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
# CentOS-Debug.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#

# All debug packages from all the various CentOS-7 releases
# are merged into a single repo, split by BaseArch
#
# Note: packages in the debuginfo repo are currently not signed
#

[base-debuginfo]
name=CentOS-7 - Debuginfo
baseurl=http://debuginfo.centos.org/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7
enabled=1
#

如果文件不存在,新建,并且执行yum makecache,然后用下面的命令安装:

yum --enablerepo=base-debuginfo makecache
yum --enablerepo=base-debuginfo install -y kernel-debuginfo-$(uname -r)
yum install kernel-devel

如果还是找不到kernel-debuginfo安装包,可以看一下/etc/yum.conf中是否将将kernel包排除了:

# 将/etc/yum.conf中的exclude
 exclude=kernel* centos-release*

#修改为
  exclude=centos-release*

如果还是找不到,直接到 http://debuginfo.centos.org/7/x86_64/ 下载对应的RPM包。

建议做完上面的操作后,重新执行stap-prep,防止以后遗漏依赖的RPM。

stap-prep

测试一下工作状态,下面的指令的意思是,探测到vfs.read操作时,执行{}中的指令:

stap -v -e 'probe vfs.read {printf("read performed\n"); exit()}'

例如:

[root@10 vagrant]#  stap -v -e 'probe vfs.read {printf("read performed\n"); exit()}'
Pass 1: parsed user script and 470 library scripts using 139632virt/41604res/3356shr/38380data kb, in 280usr/130sys/466real ms.
Pass 2: analyzed script: 1 probe, 1 function, 7 embeds, 0 globals using 298172virt/193072res/2708shr/196920data kb, in 2790usr/2330sys/7791real ms.
Pass 3: translated to C into "/tmp/stapSV4lBm/stap_d76eef0cd12de84ab75c0e467da5ae6a_2696_src.c" using 298172virt/193328res/2956shr/196920data kb, in 20usr/100sys/205real ms.
Pass 4: compiled C into "stap_d76eef0cd12de84ab75c0e467da5ae6a_2696.ko" in 8400usr/2600sys/12066real ms.
Pass 5: starting run.
read performed
Pass 5: run completed in 0usr/70sys/393real ms.

安装OpenResty

因为要用到debuginfo,用yum安装OpenResty:

yum install yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://openresty.org/package/centos/openresty.repo
yum install openresty
yum install openresty-resty

启动一个OpenResty应用:

openresty -p `pwd` -c nginx.conf

nginx.conf的内容如下:

worker_processes  1;        #nginx worker 数量
error_log logs/error.log;   #指定错误日志文件路径
events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}

 http {
     lua_shared_dict dogs 10m;
     server {
         listen 6699;
         location /set {
             content_by_lua_block {
                 local dogs = ngx.shared.dogs
                 dogs:set("Jim", 8)
                 ngx.say("STORED")
             }
         }
         location /get {
             content_by_lua_block {
                 local dogs = ngx.shared.dogs
                 ngx.say(dogs:get("Jim"))
             }
         }
     }
 }

采集压测数据

用yum安装openresty的debuginfo:

yum install -y openresty-debug-debuginfo openresty-debuginfo -y

下载SystemStap拓展脚本:

git clone https://github.com/openresty/stapxx
export PATH=$PATH:`pwd`/stapxx

别忘了设置PATH!

然后用stapxx/samples中的脚本抓取指定进程的数据,例如抓取nginx进程的lua级别的数据,-x指定进程号:

./stapxx/samples/lj-lua-stacks.sxx --arg time=60 --skip-badvars -x 6949 > resty.bt

stapxx/samples目录中有很多文件,分别适用于不同情况,lj-lua-stacks.sxx采集lua的调用栈。

参数time指定监测时间,单位是秒,这期间可以用ab等工具压测,例如:

ab -n 1000 -c 3  192.168.33.12:6699/get

最后得到的a.bt中内容格式如下:

0xffffffffc04cd20b
C:ngx_http_lua_shdict_get
=content_by_lua(nginx.conf:22):1
        5
0xffffffff9289db4a
C:ngx_http_lua_ngx_say
=content_by_lua(nginx.conf:22):1
        5
0xffffffff9289db4a
C:ngx_http_lua_shdict_get
=content_by_lua(nginx.conf:22):1
        3

生成火焰图

下载火焰图生成工具:

git clone https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph

用其中的stackcollapse-stap.plflamegraph.pl生成火焰图:

./FlameGraph/stackcollapse-stap.pl resty.bt  >resty.cbt
./FlameGraph/flamegraph.pl resty.cbt > resty.svg

用浏览器打开生成的a.svg,在下面的图片上右键选“在浏览器中打开”,可以看到鼠标放在图片上的动态效果:

OpenResty火焰图

这个图片的意思是,content_by_lua()函数调用了ngx_http_lua_ngx_say()ngx_http_lua_shdict_get()两个函数,它们的长度就是各自占用的时长比例。

火焰图的内容参考:如何读懂火焰图?

问题

需要安装openresty的debuginfo,否则后面采集火焰图的时候会报下面的错误:

Found exact match for libluajit: /usr/local/openresty/luajit/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2.1.0
	WARNING: cannot find module /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx debuginfo: No DWARF information found [man warning::debuginfo]
	WARNING: cannot find module /usr/local/openresty/luajit/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2.1.0 debuginfo: No DWARF information found [man warning::debuginfo]
	semantic error: while processing function luajit_G

semantic error: type definition 'lua_State' not found in '/usr/local/openresty/luajit/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2.1.0': operator '@cast' at stapxx-rNq9WU9J/luajit.stp:162:12
		source:     return @cast(L, "lua_State", "/usr/local/openresty/luajit/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2.1.0")->glref->ptr32
						   ^

Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install openresty-1.13.6.2-1.el7.centos.x86_64

参考

  1. How to do Web Server Performance Benchmark in FREE?
  2. 如何读懂火焰图?
  3. SystemTAP Documentation
  4. SystemTAP WiKi
  5. SystemTAP初学者手册

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